Transmigration program indonesia

In the meantime, the instability of transmigrants will be a bad precedent for the transmigration program. It is not impossible that people will be reluctant to migrate after knowing that transmigrants feel not comfortable in transmigration destination areas.

The dispute could happen between the two tribes due to some factors. While the transmigrants have the bad way of adaption, automatically the native people of the region would feel annoyed. While they could get more success, the locals feel jealous of transmigrants. There are so many conflicts. It is necessary for the role of local government in managing the socio-cultural diversity in the transmigration destination, so that the negative impact of transmigration is not getting worse.

For general transmigration, the transmigration requires the substantial budgets. The government should prepare the needs of transmigrants such as houses, living expenses, and so on. Although transmigration of self-help and in a group also needs the state budget, their budgets are still relatively small compared to the general budget of transmigration funds. The destination of transmigration usually has the rare inhabitants. The area is just like a really green forest.

Imagine while there are many transmigrants live and stay, the trees will automatically be cut down and become new settlements for transmigrants. Then, the possibility of natural disasters will be increased toward the transmigrants, local people, and of course the government that has spent much money on the transmigration program. It would possibly happen when the transmigrants get a destination area where the agricultural potential is low. It would be getting worse when transmigrants come from non-agricultural areas.

Transmigration could be an effective way to cover up the unemployment in Indonesia, especially for transmigrants. Unemployed transmigrants in their hometown can get the land that would be their source to get the good income.

In addition, there are many employments in transmigration destination areas, so there is no reason to be unemployee for transmigrants. Due to the empty land being cultivated and the job that available would make transmigrants have a decent income and able to live better than when they live in their hometown.

That is way the problem of poverty can be minimized by transmigration. The imigrants would be able to fulfill their daily needs really well. Indonesia is the country with the bad population distribution. The most populated area just located in Java island. Moreover, in other islands such as Borneo, Sumatra, Celebes, and the small islands there have the rare population.

Then, one of the purposes of transmigration is to distribute well the population. Equitable distribution of population will make the economy a region or country to be better.

Transmigration could be the one way of the unity for many tribes in Indonesia. It could prove that Indonesians could live together comfortably although they come from the different background and tribes. This unity program hopefully could minimize the conflict among the tribes and region. One of the requirements of the transmigration destination is the unused land.

This land will be utilized by the transmigrants optimally, whether it is used as agricultural or plantation land. It was then taken up by the Indonesian government in a large state plan in which it expected to move thousands of families. During this period this policy has been subject to unrealistic and overambitious aims which in result have made the transmigration program to endure internal crisis which the Indonesian government have continued to solve and develop.

Even though there are various short falls in this project, it has been remarked as among the best programs that have been used to move human resource in Asia which has moved millions Rigg 80 — The social aspects that were associated with infrastructure were better compared to the Java or Bali areas.

The settlers gave a lot of marks to the education sector as an important benefit in their transmigration because many schools were constructed and fees was cheaper compared to Java and Bali, hence, parents were able to educate their children. Most children were able to access primary education while on the scale of higher education the presence of the girl child was higher.

Dijk, The homes that they lived were cheap to own and to maintain. There were no taxes that were imposed to the population and the uses of various resources were cheaper.

An example is the fuel where most people used firewood. The health care facilities were better compared to other regions of Indonesia.

The health care centers were many and they were located in areas with higher population. The expenses that were associated with hospitals were comparatively cheaper. The status of women was elaborated in terms of income. The women within this areas received better acknowledgment compared to their counterparts in Java and Bali because they contributed substantially to the family income.

Their income came from farming, handcrafts, home industries, work on the agricultural estates and trading. Through this activities they were 83 percent better compared to men. Hardjono — Women developed management role in the community. The communities future was viable and promising due to the participation of women; women groups, opportunities in savings and managed the social safety of the community.

The collaboration of the women was strong, hence, there was no evident of absence of the extended families that they were linked with in the places that they left MacAndrews — The indigenous communities were adversely affected by the transmigration. The most affected community was the Kubu Rimba that had irreversible impact. The Kubu Rimba community is continually being displaced by the clearing of forest that is associated with the T2 which are planning to develop oil palm farms.

The population of Indonesia varies greatly in terms of density within the islands. In a population totaling million people only about 85 million live outside the Java area and the area is approximately seven percent of the total land surface of Indonesia. The situation in Java consists of small agricultural holdings while the outside parts have a higher income compared to Java.

The government moved around 3. Only two groups T1 and T3 out of the five groups were economically viable due to the fact of rubber production MacAndrews — The census that took place in revealed that those populations that were in T1, T2 and T3 in terms of income were higher as compared to the poverty level.

The population that was in the region T1 was successful with a range of social, cultural and commercial activities. This shows that they had better living standards compared to the other groups. The source of income let down many people in the farming income bracket and has shifted into off-farm employment. This is evident in the regions T2 and T3 but the future of T3 will be better when the tree crops come out of age Friend In those regions that were associated with rubber production the economy of the region begun to develop as cash began flowing.

The settlers in this region T1 were self reliant and economically independent. The T2 lacked the source of income due to lack of commercial crop. On the T3 areas half of the population felt that they were secure to rely on farming. The bank process made a mark in the transmigration process. The bank played a major role in the integration of environmental and site selection planning. They also helped in developing reliable base for information so as to strengthen the transmigration process.

They gave the Indonesian government the first country wide land and its development potential maps MacAndrews — The political involvement of the movement was revealed in the recent past and its fragility as a unity government which was created under an authoritarianism political landscape.

The use of government transmigration scheme with the help of the New Order Government has been used to bring unity in a country that is faced with disparate ethnic groups. The Javanese community which is the largest and seen as the politically correct community is the one that is moved.

Ricklefs, This project transmigration of late was sponsored by Suharto who was the then president. In after his reign ended, there was change of plans and an example was the 1 million Hectares of land that was supposed to be changed from peat wetland into a rice plant area collapsed.

Also, the political and institutions changes which earlier governed the transmigration have been influenced by the substantial drawback after the economy fall and its crisis, influence of the IMF and the decentralization or the regional autonomy. It is then blanketed by the phenomena of the political and the environmental refugees Schwarz The restructuring of the administration means that the transmigration will also be changed due to the decentralization of the authority to local government from the central government.

The people who were moved to the less dense areas were settled in the indigenous population areas. There was an extensive opposition from the indigenous people due to the intention of the program and the style of implementation. The people who were associated with the movement and policy had no consideration to the customary or the adat land rights McDonald The transmigration has also been associated with the decrease of the rain forest because of deforestation due to increase in population occasioned by movement of people from one region to the next.

This was due to the fact that this area was never inhabited before. After this settlement, the area was overgrazed resulting to various erosion related issues. The weather and soil of their original places contained volcanic soil like the Java and Bali were not the same as their new places.

The living standard of the resettled population was lacking major needs such as water and education. Hardjono, —