Diabetes distress scale pdf

Figure 1 shows the burden of different types of DD. The prevalence of DD total , i. The highest level of DD was seen in emotional type Table 2 shows the LR analysis of predictors of DD. Odds for DD were significantly higher among those who were young, illiterate, not going for an annual consult, on insulin, non adherant, smokers, consuming alcohol and with uncontrolled diabetes.

The current study was conducted to find the burden and identify the predictors of DD in adult T2DM patients. This study also revealed that emotional DD was high as compared to regimen-, interpersonal-, and physician-related DD. There were two important emotions which contributed to high emotional DD. Prior studies by Islam et al. The study participants who were illiterates had 2. In a study conducted by Gahlan et al.

Probably, illiteracy leads to poor knowledge about DM, its management, and complications, which in turn leads to poor compliance to medication and nonadherence to follow-up visits. This study also revealed that patients who visited doctor less frequently once in 12 months had higher risk of DD by four times approx.

Patients on insulin had more distress 5. Patients with a history of treatment interruption had 11 times more risk of distress as compared to patients who did not have any treatment interruption. Smokers and alcoholics had 3. DD was 2. In a study conducted by Islam et al. The burden of DD was Emotional DD was found to be more common than regimen-, interpersonal-, and physician-related DD.

The limitation of our study is a lack of follow-up of study participants with any intervention. DD still needs further research in the Indian scenario, and a validated tool should be developed which can be used with ease for diagnosing DD. The principal author Dr. Ratnesh was present in the Department of Endocrine and Diabetes, Narayana Health City, Bengaluru, during the study period and after its completion left the department.

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Support Center Support Center. External link. Please review our privacy policy. Welch et al. Miller et al. Subscale 2: Negative emotional consequences 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 19, Subscale 1: Diabetes distress 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, Papathanasiou et al.

Subscale 1: Diabetes-related emotional problems 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, Snoek et al.

Subscale 1: Diabetes-related emotional problems 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 19, Address correspondence and reprint requests to William H. Box , Del Mar, CA E-mail: whpolonsky aol. Diabetes Care ;28 3 — Article history Received:. Get Permissions. You do not currently have access to this content.

View full article. Sign in Don't already have an account? Client Account. The highest associations were rating the results of the original study, and adding observed for powerlessness and negative social per- to the growing literature documenting that younger ceptions suggesting that worry related to unpredict- adults with diabetes have significantly more problems ability of T1D and uneasiness about it in social con- with diabetes management and glycemic control, and texts are two areas closely related to psychological report higher general and diabetes-related distress well-being.

There are, original study, BMI was solely associated with the however, limitations to be identified for the present distress on eating habits and constrains, however in study, starting with sample size and the need for the the present study, items of the Eating Distress sub- results to be replicated in larger samples.

In addition, scale are included in the Management subscale, and because of the cross-sectional design of the study, it hence the respective association between BMI and was not possible to examine the T1-DDS sensitivity Management distress in our study. An interesting over time or its test-retest reliability. DD has been shown to affect not the opportunity to identify emotional distress al- only psychological well-being but is also associated lowing valuable information to direct clinical con- with poor glycemic control.

The present study pre- versations and targeted interventions. The T1-DDS sents the first validated measure in Greek for people has been used so far in interventions to measure with T1D, that can be used in clinical practice to iden- changes in distress reduction and subsequent glyce- tify potential barriers to self-care behaviours and gly- mic control improvement. The Greek version of the cemic control.

Because different individuals experi- T1-DDS may serve as a valuable measure of diabetes- ence distress from different sources, as it was evident related emotional distress for use in research and in the present study, a practitioner can directly iden- clinical practice.

Greek state. References 1. Relationships of diabetes-specific emotional distress, depres- Gusman F. Six and ten-item indexes of psychological distress sion, anxiety, and overall well-being with HbA1c in adult persons based on the Symptom Checklist Assessment , 7: with type 1 diabetes.

J Psychosom Res , —, doi: —, doi: The factor 2. J Pers Soc Psychol et al. Assessing psychosocial stress in diabetes. Diabetes Care , —, doi: Understanding the sources of diabetes distress in adults agement in adults with type 2 diabetes. Patient Educ Couns with Type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications , — , —, doi: Emotion regulation contributes to the development of diabetes distress among adults with type 1 diabetes.

Patient Educ Couns , —, doi: Diabetes Care , , doi: Reductions in diabetes distress are associated with improved management and glycemic con- trol over time.