Cotton yarn sizing process pdf

Hamilton [ 9 ] et al. It can be assumed that when the filling coefficients are beyond 0. Schematic diagram of radial fibers distribution: a tightly packing model, b actual model. As above mentioned when the mass fraction of GnPs exceeds 2. Since the penetration of GnPs solution in the yarn presents a radial gradient distribution, fibers in the outer layer exhibit higher conductivity than in the inner layer.

It can be assumed that the number of conductivity fibers is proportional to the yarn radius as seen in Fig. Then, the conductive fibers n and a total number of fibers N in a certain length of yarn can be expressed as:. Radial gradient distribution the conductivity of cotton yarn.

The conductivity of the fibers within the range of r 2 to r 1 exceeds the average conductivity corresponding to the critical threshold 0.

However, the fibers in radial less than r 2 do not reach the critical threshold and are considered to be noneffective conductive fibers. Assuming that the fibers distributed in the yarn cross section are uniform, the relationship between the number and the occupied area of fibers can be expressed as:.

According to the definition of the binomial distribution, when the connection probability of each fiber is p , the probability of the event X with the connection fiber number i in a total number of effective conductive fibers n and its expected value of event X can be expressed as:. Based on Eq. The fibers in the slipping zone are connected through the fibers already connected in the main tensile zone, and similarly, according to the definition of the binomial distribution, the connection probability of fiber number of i and its expectation can be expressed as:.

The fiber resistance in each zone is in parallel, while the fiber resistance between the zones is in series Fig. The resistance of yarn with given length L can be expressed as:. The calculated resistance of yarns with a different lengths according to Eqs. More noticeable is that the ratio of the yarn conductivity is very close to the square of the connection probability of the yarn, which further confirms that the yarn conductivity is related to the fiber connection probability [Eq.

The twist inserted, quality of the yarn, and filling coefficient of the fibers affect the conductivity. With the probability of connection of fibers increase the conductivity of yarns is higher e. It should be pointed out that because of pretension applied on the yarn during the measurement the measured resistance value is less than the calculated. Chatterjee et al. He et al. In general, the fabrics form more conductive channels due to the interweaving relationship of the yarns, so its resistance is lower than that of the yarns.

The above results further illustrate the feasibility of preparing conductive cotton yarn by sizing process. Wang et al. Cusick and Hearle [ 6 ] proved the inverse relationship between resistance and moisture content of cotton fiber early in As seen in Fig. The yarns with the tighter the structure, the better the linearity of the resistance decline trend. The influence of temperature and humidity for resistance can be derived by the slope of the linear fitting line and then the influence of temperature and humidity on the initial resistance can be corrected.

Influence of temperature and humidity on yarn resistance: a cotton yarn resistance under different humidity, b cotton yarn resistance under different temperature.

The stable resistance value of the yarns is relative with time, 7 s yarns 20 min is less than that of the 14 s yarns with a tighter structure 30 min.

Although the stable resistance has nearly threefold after immersed in water for 20 min, the washing fastness of the yarn resistance can be maintained by surface protection coating treatment similar to laminated fabrics [ 28 ]. In summary, the electron conductive cotton yarns with a conductivity of 0. By analysis of the conductive mechanism of fibers and yarns, the resistance calculation formula of staple spun yarn can be derived. This work fully demonstrates the idea of preparing conductive cotton yarn by sizing for the first time, and we expect the sizing process will be widely used in the functional treatment of cotton yarns.

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J Mater Chem A — Adv Mater 26 31 — Download references. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Juming Yao. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material.

If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Reprints and Permissions. Liu, Y. Scale production of conductive cotton yarns by sizing process and its conductive mechanism. SN Appl. Download citation.

Received : 13 October Accepted : 09 March Published : 10 May Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. This method is used when a slightly larger scale of sizing is required. When spinning mills sold their yarn in the form of sized warps ready for weaving, this method was popular in Europe. However, slasher sizing or tape yarn sizing is the most widely used method of yarn sizing around the world.

Size components are typically utilised in warp yarn, although they can also be used in weft yarn. In any case, the following features are obtained by adding size ingredients to the yarn. The following are the properties of sized yarns:. The stresses and strains that each type of textile material is subjected to throughout the weaving process affect it differently.

Cotton material, for example, reacts differently than polyester material. Because of their greater cohesiveness and filament length continuity, continuous filament yarns are more resistant to weaving stresses.

In such circumstances, the goal of size is to improve abrasion resistance rather than strength. In this regard, synthetic fibres are favorable. Each form of textile material has its own set of advantages and disadvantages, and the sort of size ingredients used to compensate for these differences must be chosen accordingly.

The most significant term in weaving technology is yarn sizing. During beam preparation, after winding and warping, the yarn is sized.